Temperature Tool

Oven Temperature Converter (°C / °F / Gas Mark)

F equals nine-fifths of C plus thirty-two. Gas mark is a quantized oven-dial scale from one quarter to nine.
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Common Oven Temperatures

Curated by use rather than by number. Click a row's gas mark to load it into the calculator.

What it's for°C°FGas
Slow-cook stew, dehydrate, low and slow brisket110225
Meringues, pavlova, slow drying120250
Slow-roast lamb, custard, low rise dough proof140275
Slow-roast pork shoulder, fruit cake150300
Casseroles, Christmas cake, low-and-slow roasts165325
Most cakes, breads, casseroles, baked potatoes (gentle)180350
Banana bread, pound cake, baked chicken pieces190375
Roast chicken, sponge cakes, pies, scones200400
Roast beef, browned vegetables, hot pastry220425
Pizza, hot pastry, browning, finishing230450
Bread crust, very hot pizza, broiling-adjacent245475

Worked Examples

British recipe

What is Gas 6 in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

A British roast-chicken recipe calls for a 'hot' oven at Gas 6. Convert to Celsius and Fahrenheit for any non-UK oven.

  1. Look up Gas 6 in the standard mapping.
  2. Gas 6 = 400 °F = 200 °C ('hot' oven).
  3. For a fan oven, drop about 20 °C: 180 °C / 356 °F.

Gas 6 is the canonical roast-chicken / pie-crust temperature — high enough to brown skin and pastry without scorching.

U.S. cookbook in a metric oven

What is 425 °F in Celsius and gas mark?

A U.S. roast-vegetable recipe calls for 425 °F. Convert to set a metric oven correctly.

  1. Convert 425 °F to Celsius: (425 − 32) × 5/9 ≈ 218.33 °C.
  2. Most cookbooks round to a 5 °C step — 220 °C is the chart-style equivalent for this temperature.
  3. Closest gas mark: Gas 7 (425 °F is exactly Gas 7 by definition).
  4. For a fan oven, the calculator subtracts 20 °C from the exact value: 198.33 °C → 389 °F. Chart-style alternatives (drop 20 from the rounded 220 °C → 200 °C → 392 °F) are within typical oven tolerance (±10 °F).

The calculator publishes the exact-math fan equivalent (198.33 °C / 389 °F for a 425 °F input) so the displayed °C ↔ °F pair stays internally consistent. Cookbook charts often round to 200 °C / 392 °F (or 195 °C / 390 °F, or 200 °C / 400 °F); all are within typical oven accuracy of ±10 °F, so the rounding is invisible in practice.

Slow cooking

What is 110 °C in Fahrenheit and gas mark?

A slow-cook stew or pulled-pork recipe calls for 110 °C. Convert for a Fahrenheit oven and identify the gas mark.

  1. Convert 110 °C to Fahrenheit: (9/5) × 110 + 32 = 230 °F.
  2. Closest gas mark: Gas ¼ (225 °F / 110 °C, 'cool / very slow').
  3. For a fan oven, drop ~20 °C: 90 °C → 194 °F.

Gas ¼ is at the very bottom of most oven dials and corresponds to long, slow cooking — stews, dehydrating, slow-roast brisket, meringue drying.

Pizza

What is 'very hot' / Gas 9 in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

A pizza recipe calls for the hottest possible oven setting. Convert Gas 9 for a Celsius / Fahrenheit reference.

  1. Look up Gas 9: 475 °F / 245 °C ('very hot').
  2. For a fan oven, drop about 20 °C → 225 °C / about 437 °F.
  3. Gas 9 (475 °F / 245 °C) is the highest mark on the standard published scale. If your oven dial goes higher, treat the higher dial position as 'as hot as it goes' — the calculator only handles the published Gas ¼ – Gas 9 range.

Pizza ovens at restaurants run 700-900 °F, far above any home oven's range. For home ovens, max out the dial and preheat the stone for at least 45 minutes for the closest approximation.

Oven Temperature Conversion

Oven temperature conversion uses the same Celsius / Fahrenheit math as everyday temperature conversion, with one extra layer: the UK gas-mark scale, a quantized dial where each numbered position corresponds to a fixed Fahrenheit value (Gas 4 = 350 °F = 180 °C, the universal 'moderate oven' setting). Because gas marks are discrete, a Celsius or Fahrenheit input lands either exactly on a mark or between two marks; this calculator snaps to the nearest published value and reports the offset.

F = (9/5) × C + 32 ; C = (F − 32) × 5/9 ; Gas mark = quantized dial (¼, ½, 1, …, 9), each tied to a fixed °F

How It Works

Three scales are in everyday cooking use. Celsius is standard everywhere outside the U.S. and on most European ovens. Fahrenheit is standard on U.S. ovens and in U.S. recipes. Gas marks (¼ through 9) are a UK convention found on gas ovens and in older British and Commonwealth recipes — they're a quantized dial where each step is roughly 25 °F apart (with the half-marks ¼ and ½ at the bottom). Cookbook authors often use the descriptive labels (slow / moderate / hot) instead of any specific number, so this calculator maps each input to the nearest gas mark and includes the standard descriptive tag. Convection (fan-assisted) ovens transfer heat more efficiently than conventional radiant ovens, so most baking guides recommend reducing the conventional setpoint by ~20 °C / 36 °F — the calculator shows that adjusted value alongside the conventional one.

Example Problem

A British cookbook calls for a 'moderate' oven at Gas 4. What is that in Celsius and Fahrenheit, and what should I set my fan oven to?

  1. Look up Gas 4 in the standard mapping: 350 °F / 180 °C (moderate).
  2. For a conventional oven: set 180 °C or 350 °F.
  3. For a convection / fan-assisted oven: subtract about 20 °C → 160 °C, which converts exactly to 320 °F. (Some cookbook charts cite 314 °F by independently subtracting 36 °F from the rounded 350; both are within typical oven accuracy of ±10 °F.)
  4. The descriptive tag 'moderate' covers Gas 4 specifically; recipes calling for 'moderately hot' typically mean Gas 5 (190 °C / 375 °F) or Gas 6 (200 °C / 400 °F).

180 °C / 350 °F / Gas 4 is the universal default for cakes, breads, casseroles, and most baked dishes — when a recipe doesn't specify and you're unsure, this is the safe starting point.

Key Concepts

Gas marks are quantized: a recipe asking for Gas 4 means 'set the dial to position 4', not 'pick any temperature between 350 and 375 °F'. So when converting from a precise Celsius value (say 175 °C), the closest gas mark may not be an exact match — 175 °C is closer to Gas 4 (180 °C) than Gas 5 (190 °C), so we snap to Gas 4 and the calculator notes the small offset. Convection / fan-oven adjustment is a heuristic, not exact: most modern fan ovens compensate automatically when you set a 'conventional equivalent' temperature, but older units and some commercial ranges expect you to manually subtract ~20 °C. When in doubt, follow the recipe's recommendation and trust your own oven's behavior over generic conversion math.

Applications

  • Following British / Commonwealth recipes that call for gas marks (Gas 4, Gas 6, etc.)
  • Translating U.S. Fahrenheit recipes for an EU / metric oven, or vice versa
  • Converting a conventional-oven temperature to its fan / convection equivalent
  • Reading older cookbooks that use descriptive labels (slow / moderate / hot) without a specific number
  • Setting a digital oven that only displays one scale when the recipe uses another
  • Cross-checking a recipe that quotes both °C and °F (the conversion from imperial to metric is sometimes rounded loosely, and the calculator confirms the round number)

Common Mistakes

  • Treating gas marks as continuous — a recipe saying 'Gas 4' means specifically the position-4 dial, not 'anywhere between 350 and 400 °F'
  • Forgetting to apply the convection adjustment when moving from a conventional recipe to a fan oven (results in over-baking)
  • Applying the convection adjustment in the wrong direction — convection runs HOTTER for the same setting, so the conventional equivalent is HIGHER than the fan-oven number
  • Assuming all recipes use the same Celsius rounding for gas marks — Gas 3 is sometimes published as 160 °C and sometimes 165 °C, depending on the source
  • Confusing 'broil' / 'grill' with the highest gas mark — broil/grill is a separate top-element-only mode, not just Gas 9
  • Setting a fan-oven temperature directly from a Fahrenheit recipe without realizing the recipe was already written for a conventional oven

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gas 4 in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

Gas 4 is the chart value 350 °F / 180 °C — the universal 'moderate' oven setting used for most cakes, breads, casseroles, and baked dishes. When a recipe doesn't specify and you're unsure where to start, this is the safe default. (The exact math conversion of 180 °C is 356 °F; cookbook charts round to 350.)

What is 180 °C in gas mark?

180 °C maps to Gas 4 — the chart value 350 °F / 180 °C 'moderate' oven. The exact mathematical conversion of 180 °C is 356 °F; cookbook charts round to 350 for readability, and ovens are accurate to within ±10 °F so the rounding is invisible in practice. This is the most commonly used oven temperature worldwide.

What is 200 °C in gas mark and Fahrenheit?

200 °C maps to Gas 6 — chart value 400 °F / 200 °C 'hot' oven. (Exact math: 200 °C = 392 °F; charts round to 400.) Used for roasting chicken, pastries, sponge cakes, and pies.

How do I convert a conventional-oven temperature to a fan / convection oven?

Subtract about 20 °C from the conventional setpoint. A 180 °C conventional recipe becomes 160 °C in a fan oven (= 320 °F exact). For a 350 °F U.S. recipe, the equivalent is ~156.7 °C / 314 °F (the calculator derives the °F from the lowered °C, so the displayed pair is always internally consistent). Some sources use 25 °C as the adjustment — check your oven's manual since modern fan ovens often compensate automatically.

Are gas marks the same in the UK and the US?

Gas marks are primarily a UK convention. Some older U.S. ovens used the Regulo scale (very similar mapping), and the BBQ world uses the same descriptive labels (low / medium / hot) without numbered marks. The °F values in the mapping are universal — Gas 4 is always 350 °F regardless of country.

What is the highest gas mark?

Gas 9 (475 °F / 245 °C, 'very hot') is the highest mark on the standard published scale. The calculator only handles Gas ¼ through Gas 9; if your oven dial goes higher, treat the higher position as 'as hot as it goes' for hot-pizza-style cooking. Beyond Gas 9, recipes typically call out 'broil' or 'grill' (top-element only) rather than another numbered mark.

Why does my recipe's °C-to-°F conversion not match exactly?

Recipe authors round Celsius to tidy values for readability (usually multiples of 10 such as 180, 190, and 200, with common exceptions like Gas 3 = 165 °C and Gas 9 = 245 °C), even though exact Fahrenheit conversion would give values such as 356, 374, and 392. Both numbers describe roughly the same oven setting; ovens are typically accurate to ±10 °F so the rounding is invisible in practice. This calculator shows both the exact converted value and the closest commonly-used round number.

Reference: Gas-mark to °F mapping uses the standard published 25 °F dial positions cross-checked against cooking and appliance guides. Celsius values are rounded recipe-facing equivalents; published tables differ slightly (for example, Gas 3 and Gas 9 often vary by 5 °C, and some tables round 400 °F to 205 °C rather than 200 °C), so the calculator discloses chart-rounding gaps when exact °C↔°F math differs. Convection adjustment uses 20 °C / 36 °F lower than conventional, a common UK fan-oven rule of thumb.

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